二層交換機(jī)與路由器對(duì)接上網(wǎng)配置示例

二層交換機(jī)指的是僅能夠進(jìn)行二層轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，不能進(jìn)行三層轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的交換機(jī)。也就是說(shuō)僅支持二層特性，不支持路由等三層特性的交換機(jī)。

二層交換機(jī)一般部署在接入層，不能作為用戶(hù)的網(wǎng)關(guān)。

組網(wǎng)需求

如圖所示，某公司擁有多個(gè)部門(mén)且位于不同網(wǎng)段，各部門(mén)均有訪(fǎng)問(wèn)Internet的需求?，F(xiàn)要求用戶(hù)通過(guò)二層交換機(jī)和路由器訪(fǎng)問(wèn)外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)，且要求路由器作為用戶(hù)的網(wǎng)關(guān)。

圖二層交換機(jī)與路由器對(duì)接上網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)圖

配置思路

采用如下思路進(jìn)行配置：

1)配置二層交換機(jī)基于接口劃分VLAN，實(shí)現(xiàn)二層轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。

2)配置路由器作為用戶(hù)的網(wǎng)關(guān)，通過(guò)子接口或VLANIF接口實(shí)現(xiàn)跨網(wǎng)段的三層轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。

3)配置路由器作為DHCP服務(wù)器，為用戶(hù)PC分配IP地址。

4)配置路由器NAT功能，使內(nèi)網(wǎng)用戶(hù)可以訪(fǎng)問(wèn)外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

操作步驟

1、配置交換機(jī)

# 配置下行連接用戶(hù)的接口。

system-view

[HUAWEI] sysname Switch

[Switch] vlan batch 2 3

[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2

[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type access //配置接口接入類(lèi)型為access

[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port default vlan 2 //配置接口加入VLAN 2

[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit

[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3

[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port link-type access

[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port default vlan 3

[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit

# 配置上行連接路由器的接口。

[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1

[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk

[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3 //配置接口以trunk方式透?jìng)鱒LAN 2和VLAN 3

[Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit

2、配置路由器

路由器的配置有兩種方式，配置子接口進(jìn)行通信或者配置VLANIF接口進(jìn)行通信，兩種方式選擇其一即可。

配置路由器通過(guò)子接口終結(jié)VLAN，實(shí)現(xiàn)跨網(wǎng)段的三層轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。

# 配置終結(jié)子接口。

system-view

[Huawei] sysname Router

[Router] vlan batch 2 3

[Router] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1.1

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1] dot1q termination vid 2

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1] ip address 192.168.1.1 24

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1] arp broadcast enable //缺省狀態(tài)下，AR路由器終結(jié)子接口的ARP廣播功能在V200R003C01之前版本處于未使能狀態(tài)，在V200R003C01及之后版本處于使能狀態(tài)

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1] quit

[Router] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1.2

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2] dot1q termination vid 3

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2] ip address 192.168.2.1 24

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2] arp broadcast enable

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2] quit

# 配置DHCP功能，為內(nèi)網(wǎng)用戶(hù)分配IP地址和指定DNS服務(wù)器地址。

[Router] dhcp enable

[Router] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1.1

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1] dhcp select interface //DHCP使用接口地址池的方式為內(nèi)網(wǎng)用戶(hù)分配IP地址

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5 //配置的DNS-List 114.114.114.114是公用的DNS服務(wù)器地址，是不區(qū)分運(yùn)營(yíng)商的。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，請(qǐng)根據(jù)運(yùn)營(yíng)商分配的DNS進(jìn)行配置

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1] quit

[Router] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1.2

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2] dhcp select interface

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2] quit

# 配置公網(wǎng)接口的IP地址和靜態(tài)路由。

[Router] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] ip address 200.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 //配置連接公網(wǎng)的接口GE0/0/2的IP地址200.0.0.2

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit

[Router] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.0.0.1 //配置靜態(tài)缺省路由的下一跳指向公網(wǎng)提供的IP地址200.0.0.1

# 配置NAT功能，使內(nèi)網(wǎng)用戶(hù)可以訪(fǎng)問(wèn)外網(wǎng)。

[Router] acl number 2001

[Router-acl-basic-2001] rule 5 permit source 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 //NAT轉(zhuǎn)換只對(duì)源IP地址是192.168.0.0/16網(wǎng)段的生效，并在接口GE0/0/2的出方向進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換

[Router-acl-basic-2001] quit

[Router] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] nat outbound 2001

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit

配置路由器通過(guò)配置VLANIF接口，實(shí)現(xiàn)跨網(wǎng)段的三層轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。

# 配置VLANIF接口。

system-view

[Huawei] sysname Router

[Router] vlan batch 2 3

[Router] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] portswitch //將以太網(wǎng)接口從三層模式切換到二層模式。如果接口已經(jīng)是二層模式，跳過(guò)該步驟

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit

[Router] interface vlanif 2

[Router-vlanif2] ip address 192.168.1.1 24 //配置VLANIF2的IP地址作為PC1的網(wǎng)關(guān)

[Router-vlanif2] quit

[Router] interface vlanif 3

[Router-vlanif3] ip address 192.168.2.1 24 //配置VLANIF3的IP地址作為PC2的網(wǎng)關(guān)

[Router-vlanif3] quit

# 配置DHCP功能，為內(nèi)網(wǎng)用戶(hù)分配IP地址并指定DNS服務(wù)器地址。

[Router] dhcp enable

[Router] interface vlanif 2

[Router-Vlanif2] dhcp select interface

[Router-Vlanif2] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5 //配置的DNS-List 114.114.114.114是公用的DNS服務(wù)器地址，是不區(qū)分運(yùn)營(yíng)商的。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，請(qǐng)根據(jù)運(yùn)營(yíng)商分配的DNS進(jìn)行配置

[Router-Vlanif2] quit

[Router] interface vlanif 3

[Router-Vlanif3] dhcp select interface

[Router-Vlanif3] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5

[Router-Vlanif3] quit

# 配置公網(wǎng)接口的IP地址和靜態(tài)路由。

[Router] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] ip address 200.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit

[Router] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.0.0.1 //配置靜態(tài)缺省路由的下一跳指向公網(wǎng)提供的IP地址200.0.0.1

# 配置NAT功能，使內(nèi)網(wǎng)用戶(hù)可以訪(fǎng)問(wèn)外網(wǎng)。

[Router] acl number 2001

[Router-acl-basic-2001] rule 5 permit source 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 //NAT轉(zhuǎn)換只對(duì)源IP地址是192.168.0.0/16網(wǎng)段的生效，并在接口GE0/0/2的出方向進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換

[Router-acl-basic-2001] quit

[Router] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] nat outbound 2001

[Router-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit

3、檢查配置結(jié)果

配置PC1的IP地址為192.168.1.2/24，網(wǎng)關(guān)為192.168.1.1；PC2的IP地址為192.168.2.2/24，網(wǎng)關(guān)為192.168.2.1。

配置外網(wǎng)PC的IP地址為200.0.0.1/24，網(wǎng)關(guān)為200.0.0.2。

配置完成后，PC1和PC2都可以Ping通外網(wǎng)的IP 200.0.0.1/24，PC1和PC2都可以訪(fǎng)問(wèn)Internet。

配置文件

Switch的配置文件

#

sysname Switch

#

vlan batch 2 to 3

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

port link-type trunk

port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

port link-type access

port default vlan 2

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3

port link-type access

port default vlan 3

#

return

Router的配置文件（路由器通過(guò)子接口進(jìn)行三層轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的配置文件）

#

sysname Router

#

vlan batch 2 to 3

#

dhcp enable

#

acl number 2001

rule 5 permit source 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.1

dot1q termination vid 2

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

arp broadcast enable

dhcp select interface

dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2

dot1q termination vid 3

ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

arp broadcast enable

dhcp select interface

dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

ip address 200.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

nat outbound 2001

#

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.0.0.1

#

return

Router的配置文件（路由器通過(guò)VLANIF接口進(jìn)行三層轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的配置文件）

#

sysname Router

#

vlan batch 2 to 3

#

dhcp enable

#

acl number 2001

rule 5 permit source 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255

#

interface Vlanif2

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

dhcp select interface

dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5

#

interface Vlanif3

ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

dhcp select interface

dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

portswitch

port link-type trunk

port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3

#

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

ip address 200.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

nat outbound 2001

#

ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 200.0.0.1

#

return